feat: replace namespace permissions with per-node graph permission model (can_read/can_create_rel/can_write/has_ownership)

Co-Authored-By: Claude Sonnet 4.6 <noreply@anthropic.com>

CLAUDE.md

@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+# CLAUDE.md
+
+This file provides guidance to Claude Code (claude.ai/code) when working with code in this repository.
+
+## Project
+
+Axolotl (`ax`) is a CLI-native issue tracker built in Go, using a local SQLite file (`.ax.db`) as its database. It's designed for use by individuals and AI agents, with JSON output support for machine integration.
+
+## Commands
+
+```bash
+go build -o ax .        # Build the binary
+go test ./...           # Run all tests (e2e_test.go covers most functionality)
+go test -run TestName . # Run a single test by name
+```
+
+## Architecture
+
+The codebase has four distinct layers:
+
+### 1. `cmd/` — CLI layer (Cobra)
+Parses flags into typed input structs and calls the service layer. `root.go` handles alias expansion (including `$me`, `$@`, `$1`-`$N` variable substitution) and wires up the `NodeService`.
+
+### 2. `service/` — Business logic
+`NodeService` is the central interface (`service/node_service.go`). The implementation (`node_service_impl.go`) enforces:
+- Permission model via `getPermContext()` — BFS from the user's own node following permission rels
+- Blocker validation (can't close an issue with open blockers)
+- `@mention` extraction → automatic edge creation
+- Single-value relation enforcement (`assignee`, `in_namespace`)
+- Auto-creation of referenced user/namespace nodes
+
+### 3. `store/` — Persistence
+`Store` interface wraps SQLite with graph primitives: nodes, tags, and typed directed edges. Schema is 3 tables (`nodes`, `tags`, `rels`). All multi-step ops use `store.Transaction()`.
+
+### 4. `output/` — Presentation
+Handles both colored terminal output and JSON serialization. Applies sort order: open → due → done, high → medium → low priority.
+
+## Core Data Model
+
+**Node**: a graph node with a 5-char ID, title, content, `Tags []string`, and `Relations map[string][]string`.
+
+**Property tags** use the `_key::value` pattern: `_type::issue|note|user|namespace`, `_status::open|done`, `_prio::high|medium|low`.
+
+**Relation types** (`models/rel_type.go`): `blocks`, `subtask`, `related`, `assignee` (single-value), `in_namespace` (single-value), `created`, `mentions`, `can_read`, `can_create_rel`, `can_write`, `has_ownership`.
+
+**Permission model**: Four inclusive levels (1–4). Transitive via BFS from user's self-owned node. `can_read`=1, `can_create_rel`=2, `can_write`=3, `has_ownership`=4. Creator auto-gets `has_ownership` on every new node. Users self-own. Deleting a node cascades to all nodes it owns. User/namespace nodes are globally readable.
+
+## Config
+
+The CLI searches upward from CWD for `.axconfig` (like git), falling back to `~/.config/ax/config.json`. The `AX_USER` env var overrides the configured username. The database file `.ax.db` is similarly discovered by walking upward.

e2e_test.go

@@ -827,24 +827,19 @@ func TestE2E(t *testing.T) {
 
 		alice.mustAx("init")
 
-		// Alice creates a node in her namespace.
+		// Alice creates a node (she gets has_ownership on it automatically).
 		aliceNode := alice.parseNode(alice.mustAx("add", "Alice's secret", "--json"))
 		aliceNodeID := aliceNode.ID
 
-		// Resolve alice's user and namespace node IDs.
+		// Resolve alice's user node ID.
-		var aliceUserID, aliceNSID string
+		var aliceUserID string
 		for _, u := range alice.parseNodes(alice.mustAx("list", "--type", "user", "--json")) {
 			if u.Title == "alice" {
 				aliceUserID = u.ID
 			}
 		}
-		for _, ns := range alice.parseNodes(alice.mustAx("list", "--type", "namespace", "--json")) {
+		if aliceUserID == "" {
-			if ns.Title == "alice" {
+			t.Fatal("could not resolve alice's user node ID")
-				aliceNSID = ns.ID
-			}
-		}
-		if aliceUserID == "" || aliceNSID == "" {
-			t.Fatal("could not resolve alice's user/namespace node IDs")
 		}
 
 		t.Run("NoAccess_CannotShow", func(t *testing.T) {
@@ -855,7 +850,7 @@ func TestE2E(t *testing.T) {
 		})
 
 		t.Run("NoAccess_NotInList", func(t *testing.T) {
-			// Bob bootstraps his own namespace first.
+			// Bob bootstraps by creating his own node first.
 			bob.mustAx("add", "Bob's scratch", "--json")
 
 			nodes := bob.parseNodes(bob.mustAx("list", "--json"))
@@ -871,7 +866,7 @@ func TestE2E(t *testing.T) {
 			}
 		})
 
-		// Resolve bob's user node ID (visible to alice because user nodes have no namespace).
+		// Resolve bob's user node ID. User nodes are globally readable.
 		var bobUserID string
 		for _, u := range alice.parseNodes(alice.mustAx("list", "--type", "user", "--json")) {
 			if u.Title == "bob" {
@@ -883,16 +878,18 @@ func TestE2E(t *testing.T) {
 		}
 
 		t.Run("SelfEscalation_Denied", func(t *testing.T) {
-			// Bob attempts to grant himself write access to alice's namespace.
+			// Bob attempts to grant himself can_write on alice's node.
-			_, err := bob.ax("update", bobUserID, "--rel", "has_write_access:"+aliceNSID)
+			// Bob has no permissions on aliceNode, so this must fail.
+			_, err := bob.ax("update", bobUserID, "--rel", "can_write:"+aliceNodeID)
 			if err == nil {
-				t.Error("bob should not be able to grant himself write access to alice's namespace")
+				t.Error("bob should not be able to grant himself write access to alice's node")
 			}
 		})
 
 		t.Run("ReadAccess_Grant", func(t *testing.T) {
-			// Alice grants bob read access to her namespace.
+			// Alice grants bob can_read on her node.
-			alice.mustAx("update", bobUserID, "--rel", "has_read_access:"+aliceNSID)
+			// Alice has has_ownership on aliceNode (level 4 >= can_read level 1) so this succeeds.
+			alice.mustAx("update", bobUserID, "--rel", "can_read:"+aliceNodeID)
 
 			// Bob can now show alice's node.
 			if _, err := bob.ax("show", aliceNodeID); err != nil {
@@ -914,6 +911,7 @@ func TestE2E(t *testing.T) {
 
 		t.Run("ReadAccess_CannotAddRelationToNode", func(t *testing.T) {
 			// Bob creates his own node and tries to link it to alice's node.
+			// Requires can_create_rel on BOTH nodes; bob only has can_read on alice's node.
 			bobLinkedID := bob.parseNode(bob.mustAx("add", "Bob's linked node", "--json")).ID
 			_, err := bob.ax("update", bobLinkedID, "--rel", "related:"+aliceNodeID)
 			if err == nil {
@@ -922,8 +920,9 @@ func TestE2E(t *testing.T) {
 		})
 
 		t.Run("WriteAccess_Grant", func(t *testing.T) {
-			// Alice grants bob write access.
+			// Alice grants bob can_write on her node.
-			alice.mustAx("update", bobUserID, "--rel", "has_write_access:"+aliceNSID)
+			// Alice has has_ownership (level 4 >= can_write level 3) so this succeeds.
+			alice.mustAx("update", bobUserID, "--rel", "can_write:"+aliceNodeID)
 
 			out := bob.mustAx("update", aliceNodeID, "--title", "Bob modified this", "--json")
 			n := bob.parseNode(out)
@@ -933,7 +932,7 @@ func TestE2E(t *testing.T) {
 		})
 
 		t.Run("WriteAccess_CanAddRelationToNode", func(t *testing.T) {
-			// Bob creates a node and links it to alice's node (now has write access).
+			// Bob creates a node and links it to alice's node (now has can_write → can_create_rel).
 			bobNode2 := bob.parseNode(bob.mustAx("add", "Bob's related node", "--json"))
 			bob.mustAx("update", bobNode2.ID, "--rel", "related:"+aliceNodeID)
 			out := bob.mustAx("show", bobNode2.ID, "--json")
@@ -942,6 +941,47 @@ func TestE2E(t *testing.T) {
 				t.Error("expected related relation after write access granted")
 			}
 		})
+
+		t.Run("Ownership_DefaultOnCreate", func(t *testing.T) {
+			// Verify alice's user node has self-ownership.
+			userOut := alice.mustAx("show", aliceUserID, "--json")
+			userNode := alice.parseNode(userOut)
+			if !userNode.HasRelation("has_ownership", aliceUserID) {
+				t.Errorf("expected user node to have self-ownership, got relations: %v", userNode.Relations)
+			}
+			// Verify alice owns her issue node.
+			if !userNode.HasRelation("has_ownership", aliceNodeID) {
+				t.Errorf("expected alice to own her node, got relations: %v", userNode.Relations)
+			}
+		})
+
+		t.Run("Ownership_CascadeDelete", func(t *testing.T) {
+			// Alice creates a child node. Alice owns both.
+			// Deleting alice's user node should cascade and delete the child.
+			// (We use a throwaway user to avoid breaking other subtests.)
+			throwaway := &testEnv{t: t, dir: permDir, user: "throwaway"}
+			child := throwaway.parseNode(throwaway.mustAx("add", "Child node", "--json"))
+
+			// Resolve throwaway's user node.
+			var throwawayUserID string
+			for _, u := range throwaway.parseNodes(throwaway.mustAx("list", "--type", "user", "--json")) {
+				if u.Title == "throwaway" {
+					throwawayUserID = u.ID
+				}
+			}
+			if throwawayUserID == "" {
+				t.Fatal("could not find throwaway user node")
+			}
+
+			// Delete throwaway's user node — should cascade to child.
+			throwaway.mustAx("del", throwawayUserID, "--force")
+
+			// Child should be gone.
+			_, err := throwaway.ax("show", child.ID)
+			if err == nil {
+				t.Error("child node should have been cascade-deleted when its owner was deleted")
+			}
+		})
 	})
 
 	t.Run("Namespace_ExplicitCreate", func(t *testing.T) {
@@ -976,8 +1016,8 @@ func TestE2E(t *testing.T) {
 		if userNode == nil {
 			t.Fatal("could not find testuser node")
 		}
-		if !userNode.HasRelation("has_write_access", nsNode.ID) {
+		if !userNode.HasRelation("has_ownership", nsNode.ID) {
-			t.Errorf("expected creator to have has_write_access to new namespace, got relations: %v", userNode.Relations)
+			t.Errorf("expected creator to have has_ownership on new namespace, got relations: %v", userNode.Relations)
 		}
 
 		// Nodes added to the new namespace should be accessible.

models/rel_type.go

@@ -8,13 +8,17 @@ type Rel struct {
 }
 
 const (
-	RelBlocks         RelType = "blocks"
+	RelBlocks      RelType = "blocks"
-	RelSubtask        RelType = "subtask"
+	RelSubtask     RelType = "subtask"
-	RelRelated        RelType = "related"
+	RelRelated     RelType = "related"
-	RelCreated        RelType = "created"
+	RelCreated     RelType = "created"
-	RelAssignee       RelType = "assignee"
+	RelAssignee    RelType = "assignee"
-	RelInNamespace    RelType = "in_namespace"
+	RelInNamespace RelType = "in_namespace"
-	RelMentions       RelType = "mentions"
+	RelMentions    RelType = "mentions"
-	RelHasReadAccess  RelType = "has_read_access"  // user → namespace
+
-	RelHasWriteAccess RelType = "has_write_access" // user → namespace
+	// Permission rels (subject → object). Levels are inclusive and transitive.
+	RelCanRead      RelType = "can_read"       // level 1: visible in list/show
+	RelCanCreateRel RelType = "can_create_rel" // level 2: can create relations between nodes
+	RelCanWrite     RelType = "can_write"      // level 3: can update/delete
+	RelHasOwnership RelType = "has_ownership"  // level 4: sole owner; deletion cascades to owned nodes
 )

service/node_service_impl.go

@@ -28,89 +28,119 @@ func mentions(t string) []string {
 
 func (s *nodeServiceImpl) User() string { return s.userID }
 
-// --- Access control ---
+// --- Permission model ---
+//
+// Four levels (inclusive: higher includes lower):
+//   1 can_read      – visible in list/show
+//   2 can_create_rel – can create non-permission relations between nodes
+//   3 can_write     – can update/delete a node
+//   4 has_ownership – sole owner; deletion cascades to owned nodes
+//
+// Permissions are transitive: if A has level L on B, and B has level M on C,
+// then A has level min(L, M) on C. Computed by BFS from the user's own node.
+// Users have self-ownership (has_ownership → self), so BFS starts at level 4.
+//
+// Rules for adding edge rels in Add/Update:
+//   Non-perm rel A → B : need can_create_rel on A, can_read on B
+//   Perm rel A --perm_P→ B : need perm_P on B (resource owner grants to any subject)
+//   Ownership  A --has_ownership→ B : need has_ownership on B + can_create_rel on A
+//     → also removes existing ownership rels pointing to B
+//
+// Field/tag changes and rel removals require can_write on the node.
 
-// accessContext holds namespace IDs readable/writable by the current user.
+const (
-// Nodes with no in_namespace are globally accessible (empty namespaceID always passes).
+	permRead      = 1
-type accessContext struct {
+	permCreateRel = 2
-	readable map[string]bool
+	permWrite     = 3
-	writable map[string]bool
+	permOwnership = 4
-}
+)
 
-func (ac *accessContext) canRead(namespaceID string) bool {
+// isReferenceRel returns true for rels that point to "identity" nodes (users, namespaces).
-	if namespaceID == "" {
+// For these rels, the target only needs can_read (not can_create_rel), because users and
+// namespaces are globally readable and any node can reference them.
+func isReferenceRel(t models.RelType) bool {
+	switch t {
+	case models.RelAssignee, models.RelCreated, models.RelMentions, models.RelInNamespace:
 		return true
 	}
-	return ac.readable[namespaceID]
+	return false
 }
 
-func (ac *accessContext) canWrite(namespaceID string) bool {
+// permRelLevels maps permission rel types to their numeric level.
-	if namespaceID == "" {
+var permRelLevels = map[models.RelType]int{
-		return true
+	models.RelCanRead:      permRead,
-	}
+	models.RelCanCreateRel: permCreateRel,
-	return ac.writable[namespaceID]
+	models.RelCanWrite:     permWrite,
+	models.RelHasOwnership: permOwnership,
 }
 
-// getAccessContext builds an accessContext by reading the current user's outgoing
+type permContext struct {
-// has_write_access and has_read_access rels. If the user node does not yet exist
+	levels map[string]int
-// (first-time bootstrap) both maps are empty.
+}
-func (s *nodeServiceImpl) getAccessContext() (*accessContext, error) {
+
-	ctx := &accessContext{
+func (pc *permContext) level(nodeID string) int        { return pc.levels[nodeID] }
-		readable: make(map[string]bool),
+func (pc *permContext) canRead(nodeID string) bool      { return pc.levels[nodeID] >= permRead }
-		writable: make(map[string]bool),
+func (pc *permContext) canCreateRel(nodeID string) bool { return pc.levels[nodeID] >= permCreateRel }
-	}
+func (pc *permContext) canWrite(nodeID string) bool     { return pc.levels[nodeID] >= permWrite }
+func (pc *permContext) hasOwnership(nodeID string) bool { return pc.levels[nodeID] >= permOwnership }
+
+// getPermContext builds a permContext by BFS from the current user's node,
+// following permission rels and taking the minimum level along each path.
+// User and namespace nodes are made globally readable after the BFS.
+// If the user node doesn't exist yet, returns an empty permContext (no access);
+// Add operations still work because unresolved targets skip the permission check.
+func (s *nodeServiceImpl) getPermContext() (*permContext, error) {
 	userNodeID, err := s.resolveIDByNameAndType(s.store, s.userID, "user")
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
+	pc := &permContext{levels: make(map[string]int)}
 	if userNodeID == "" {
-		return ctx, nil // not yet bootstrapped; no namespace permissions
+		return pc, nil // user not bootstrapped yet; Add will auto-create user node
 	}
-	userNode, err := s.store.GetNode(userNodeID)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-	rels := userNode.Relations
-	for _, nsID := range rels[string(models.RelHasWriteAccess)] {
-		ctx.writable[nsID] = true
-		ctx.readable[nsID] = true
-	}
-	for _, nsID := range rels[string(models.RelHasReadAccess)] {
-		ctx.readable[nsID] = true
-	}
-	return ctx, nil
-}
 
-// nodeNamespaceID returns the first in_namespace target of n, or "" if none.
+	type entry struct {
-func (s *nodeServiceImpl) nodeNamespaceID(n *models.Node) string {
+		nodeID string
-	ids := n.Relations[string(models.RelInNamespace)]
+		level  int
-	if len(ids) == 0 {
-		return ""
 	}
-	return ids[0]
+	// Start at the user's own node at ownership level (users have self-ownership).
-}
+	queue := []entry{{userNodeID, permOwnership}}
-
+	for len(queue) > 0 {
-// checkRelTargetWrite verifies the current user has write access to the namespace
+		curr := queue[0]
-// of each edge rel target. Tag rels (empty Target) and targets that do not yet
+		queue = queue[1:]
-// exist are skipped.
+		if pc.levels[curr.nodeID] >= curr.level {
-func (s *nodeServiceImpl) checkRelTargetWrite(ac *accessContext, addRels []RelInput) error {
+			continue // already reached at a higher or equal level
-	for _, ri := range addRels {
-		if ri.Target == "" {
-			continue // tag rel — no target node to check
 		}
-		targetID, found := s.lookupRelTarget(ri.Type, ri.Target)
+		pc.levels[curr.nodeID] = curr.level
-		if !found || targetID == "" {
+		node, err := s.store.GetNode(curr.nodeID)
-			continue
-		}
-		targetNode, err := s.store.GetNode(targetID)
 		if err != nil {
-			continue // let the transaction surface missing-node errors
+			continue // node may have been deleted; skip
 		}
-		if !ac.canWrite(s.nodeNamespaceID(targetNode)) {
+		for relType, pLevel := range permRelLevels {
-			return fmt.Errorf("permission denied: no write access to namespace of %s target %q", ri.Type, ri.Target)
+			for _, tgt := range node.Relations[string(relType)] {
+				eff := curr.level
+				if pLevel < eff {
+					eff = pLevel
+				}
+				if eff > pc.levels[tgt] {
+					queue = append(queue, entry{tgt, eff})
+				}
+			}
 		}
 	}
-	return nil
+
+	// User and namespace nodes are globally readable (they represent identities,
+	// and anyone can reference or assign to them).
+	for _, nodeType := range []string{"user", "namespace"} {
+		nodes, _ := s.store.FindNodes([]*models.Rel{{Type: models.RelType("_type::" + nodeType), Target: ""}})
+		for _, n := range nodes {
+			if pc.levels[n.ID] < permRead {
+				pc.levels[n.ID] = permRead
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	return pc, nil
 }
 
 // --- Validation ---
@@ -155,11 +185,11 @@ func (s *nodeServiceImpl) GetByID(id string) (*models.Node, error) {
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
-	ac, err := s.getAccessContext()
+	pc, err := s.getPermContext()
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
-	if !ac.canRead(s.nodeNamespaceID(n)) {
+	if !pc.canRead(id) {
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("permission denied: no read access to node %s", id)
 	}
 	return n, nil
@@ -169,13 +199,11 @@ func (s *nodeServiceImpl) List(filter ListFilter) ([]*models.Node, error) {
 	var storeFilters []*models.Rel
 	for _, ri := range filter.Rels {
 		if ri.Target == "" {
-			// Tag filter: pass through with empty target.
 			storeFilters = append(storeFilters, &models.Rel{Type: ri.Type, Target: ""})
 		} else {
-			// Edge filter: resolve target name to node ID.
 			id, ok := s.lookupRelTarget(ri.Type, ri.Target)
 			if !ok {
-				return nil, nil // named target doesn't exist; no nodes can match
+				return nil, nil
 			}
 			storeFilters = append(storeFilters, &models.Rel{Type: ri.Type, Target: id})
 		}
@@ -184,13 +212,13 @@ func (s *nodeServiceImpl) List(filter ListFilter) ([]*models.Node, error) {
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
-	ac, err := s.getAccessContext()
+	pc, err := s.getPermContext()
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
 	var result []*models.Node
 	for _, n := range nodes {
-		if ac.canRead(s.nodeNamespaceID(n)) {
+		if pc.canRead(n.ID) {
 			result = append(result, n)
 		}
 	}
@@ -225,32 +253,43 @@ func (s *nodeServiceImpl) Add(input AddInput) (*models.Node, error) {
 		return nil, err
 	}
 
-	// --- Permission check ---
+	// Permission checks for edge rels.
-	ac, err := s.getAccessContext()
+	pc, err := s.getPermContext()
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
-	targetNSName := s.userID
 	for _, ri := range input.Rels {
-		if ri.Type == models.RelInNamespace && ri.Target != "" {
+		if ri.Target == "" {
-			targetNSName = ri.Target
+			continue // tag rel, no target to check
-			break
 		}
-	}
+		targetID, found := s.lookupRelTarget(ri.Type, ri.Target)
-	if nsID, found := s.lookupRelTarget(models.RelInNamespace, targetNSName); found {
+		if !found {
-		if !ac.canWrite(nsID) {
+			continue // will be auto-created; skip check
-			return nil, fmt.Errorf("permission denied: no write access to namespace %q", targetNSName)
 		}
-	}
+		permLevel, isPerm := permRelLevels[ri.Type]
-	var nonNSEdgeRels []RelInput
+		switch {
-	for _, ri := range input.Rels {
+		case ri.Type == models.RelHasOwnership:
-		if ri.Target != "" && ri.Type != models.RelInNamespace {
+			if !pc.hasOwnership(targetID) {
-			nonNSEdgeRels = append(nonNSEdgeRels, ri)
+				return nil, fmt.Errorf("permission denied: no ownership of %q to transfer", ri.Target)
+			}
+		case isPerm:
+			if pc.level(targetID) < permLevel {
+				return nil, fmt.Errorf("permission denied: cannot grant %s on %q", ri.Type, ri.Target)
+			}
+		default:
+			// Non-perm rel: source is the new node (creator gets ownership = can_create_rel).
+			// Target: reference rels (assignee/mentions/in_namespace) need can_read; others need can_create_rel.
+			if isReferenceRel(ri.Type) {
+				if !pc.canRead(targetID) {
+					return nil, fmt.Errorf("permission denied: no read access to %q", ri.Target)
+				}
+			} else {
+				if !pc.canCreateRel(targetID) {
+					return nil, fmt.Errorf("permission denied: no create_rel access to %q", ri.Target)
+				}
+			}
 		}
 	}
-	if err := s.checkRelTargetWrite(ac, nonNSEdgeRels); err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
 
 	hasNamespace := false
 	for _, ri := range input.Rels {
@@ -301,6 +340,13 @@ func (s *nodeServiceImpl) Add(input AddInput) (*models.Node, error) {
 			if err != nil {
 				return err
 			}
+			if ri.Type == models.RelHasOwnership {
+				// Ownership transfer: remove existing owner of the target.
+				existingOwners, _ := st.FindNodes([]*models.Rel{{Type: models.RelHasOwnership, Target: resolved}})
+				for _, owner := range existingOwners {
+					st.RemoveRel(owner.ID, string(models.RelHasOwnership), resolved) //nolint:errcheck
+				}
+			}
 			if err := st.AddRel(id, string(ri.Type), resolved); err != nil {
 				return err
 			}
@@ -328,8 +374,17 @@ func (s *nodeServiceImpl) Add(input AddInput) (*models.Node, error) {
 			}
 		}
 
+		// Grant creator ownership of the new node.
+		creatorID, err := s.resolveUserRef(st, s.userID)
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		if err := st.AddRel(creatorID, string(models.RelHasOwnership), id); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+
 		// Namespace bootstrap: when creating a namespace node directly, apply the
-		// same setup as ensureNamespace — self in_namespace and creator write access.
+		// same setup as ensureNamespace — self in_namespace and creator ownership.
 		if tmp.GetProperty("type") == "namespace" {
 			if !hasNamespace {
 				// Replace the default namespace rel (user's ns) with self-reference.
@@ -343,13 +398,7 @@ func (s *nodeServiceImpl) Add(input AddInput) (*models.Node, error) {
 					return err
 				}
 			}
-			creatorID, err := s.resolveUserRef(st, s.userID)
+			// Creator already gets ownership via the block above; nothing more to do.
-			if err != nil {
-				return err
-			}
-			if err := st.AddRel(creatorID, string(models.RelHasWriteAccess), id); err != nil {
-				return err
-			}
 		}
 
 		return nil
@@ -366,20 +415,68 @@ func (s *nodeServiceImpl) Update(id string, input UpdateInput) (*models.Node, er
 		return nil, err
 	}
 
-	// --- Permission check ---
+	// --- Permission checks ---
-	current, err := s.store.GetNode(id)
+	pc, err := s.getPermContext()
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
-	ac, err := s.getAccessContext()
+
-	if err != nil {
+	// Field/tag changes and rel removals require can_write on the node.
-		return nil, err
+	needsWrite := input.Title != nil || input.Content != nil || input.DueDate != nil
+	for _, ri := range input.AddRels {
+		if ri.Target == "" {
+			needsWrite = true
+			break
+		}
 	}
-	if !ac.canWrite(s.nodeNamespaceID(current)) {
+	if len(input.RemoveRels) > 0 {
+		needsWrite = true
+	}
+	if needsWrite && !pc.canWrite(id) {
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("permission denied: no write access to node %s", id)
 	}
-	if err := s.checkRelTargetWrite(ac, input.AddRels); err != nil {
+
-		return nil, err
+	// Check each edge rel being added.
+	for _, ri := range input.AddRels {
+		if ri.Target == "" {
+			continue // tag — handled above
+		}
+		permLevel, isPerm := permRelLevels[ri.Type]
+		targetID, found := s.lookupRelTarget(ri.Type, ri.Target)
+		switch {
+		case ri.Type == models.RelHasOwnership:
+			if !found {
+				return nil, fmt.Errorf("ownership target %q not found", ri.Target)
+			}
+			if !pc.hasOwnership(targetID) {
+				return nil, fmt.Errorf("permission denied: no ownership of %q to transfer", ri.Target)
+			}
+			if !pc.canCreateRel(id) {
+				return nil, fmt.Errorf("permission denied: no create_rel access to node %s", id)
+			}
+		case isPerm:
+			// Perm rel: need perm_P on target; no check on source.
+			if found && pc.level(targetID) < permLevel {
+				return nil, fmt.Errorf("permission denied: insufficient permission on %q to grant %s", ri.Target, ri.Type)
+			}
+		default:
+			// Non-perm rel: need can_create_rel on source.
+			// Target: reference rels (assignee/mentions/in_namespace) need can_read; others need can_create_rel.
+			if !pc.canCreateRel(id) {
+				return nil, fmt.Errorf("permission denied: no create_rel access to node %s", id)
+			}
+			if found {
+				if isReferenceRel(ri.Type) {
+					if !pc.canRead(targetID) {
+						return nil, fmt.Errorf("permission denied: no read access to %s target %q", ri.Type, ri.Target)
+					}
+				} else {
+					if !pc.canCreateRel(targetID) {
+						return nil, fmt.Errorf("permission denied: no create_rel access to %s target %q", ri.Type, ri.Target)
+					}
+				}
+			}
+		}
 	}
 
 	// Enforce blocking constraint before allowing status=done.
@@ -471,6 +568,13 @@ func (s *nodeServiceImpl) Update(id string, input UpdateInput) (*models.Node, er
 					}
 				}
 			}
+			// Ownership transfer: enforce single-owner constraint.
+			if ri.Type == models.RelHasOwnership {
+				existingOwners, _ := st.FindNodes([]*models.Rel{{Type: models.RelHasOwnership, Target: resolved}})
+				for _, owner := range existingOwners {
+					st.RemoveRel(owner.ID, string(models.RelHasOwnership), resolved) //nolint:errcheck
+				}
+			}
 			if err := st.AddRel(id, string(ri.Type), resolved); err != nil {
 				return err
 			}
@@ -498,18 +602,42 @@ func (s *nodeServiceImpl) Update(id string, input UpdateInput) (*models.Node, er
 }
 
 func (s *nodeServiceImpl) Delete(id string) error {
-	n, err := s.store.GetNode(id)
+	pc, err := s.getPermContext()
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
-	ac, err := s.getAccessContext()
+	if !pc.canWrite(id) {
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-	if !ac.canWrite(s.nodeNamespaceID(n)) {
 		return fmt.Errorf("permission denied: no write access to node %s", id)
 	}
-	return s.store.DeleteNode(id)
+	return s.store.Transaction(func(st store.Store) error {
+		return s.cascadeDelete(st, id, make(map[string]bool))
+	})
+}
+
+// cascadeDelete deletes id and all nodes it owns (recursively).
+// visited prevents infinite loops from ownership cycles.
+func (s *nodeServiceImpl) cascadeDelete(st store.Store, id string, visited map[string]bool) error {
+	if visited[id] {
+		return nil
+	}
+	visited[id] = true
+	node, err := st.GetNode(id)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	// Capture owned node IDs before deleting (DeleteNode cascades the rels).
+	ownedIDs := make([]string, len(node.Relations[string(models.RelHasOwnership)]))
+	copy(ownedIDs, node.Relations[string(models.RelHasOwnership)])
+	if err := st.DeleteNode(id); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	for _, ownedID := range ownedIDs {
+		if ownedID == id {
+			continue // skip self-ownership
+		}
+		s.cascadeDelete(st, ownedID, visited) //nolint:errcheck — node may already be gone
+	}
+	return nil
 }
 
 // --- User management ---
@@ -584,10 +712,11 @@ func (s *nodeServiceImpl) resolveRelTarget(st store.Store, ri RelInput) (string,
 	switch ri.Type {
 	case models.RelAssignee, models.RelCreated, models.RelMentions:
 		return s.resolveUserRef(st, ri.Target)
-	case models.RelInNamespace, models.RelHasReadAccess, models.RelHasWriteAccess:
+	case models.RelInNamespace:
 		return s.resolveNamespaceRef(st, ri.Target)
 	default:
-		return ri.Target, nil // blocks/subtask/related/custom expect raw node IDs
+		// Permission rels and all other edge rels expect raw node IDs.
+		return ri.Target, nil
 	}
 }
 
@@ -601,10 +730,11 @@ func (s *nodeServiceImpl) lookupRelTarget(relType models.RelType, target string)
 	switch relType {
 	case models.RelAssignee, models.RelCreated, models.RelMentions:
 		nodeType = "user"
-	case models.RelInNamespace, models.RelHasReadAccess, models.RelHasWriteAccess:
+	case models.RelInNamespace:
 		nodeType = "namespace"
 	default:
-		return target, true
+		// Permission rels and other edge rels use raw node IDs.
+		return "", false
 	}
 	id, err := s.resolveIDByNameAndType(s.store, target, nodeType)
 	if err != nil || id == "" {
@@ -653,6 +783,10 @@ func (s *nodeServiceImpl) ensureUser(st store.Store, username string) (string, e
 	if err := st.AddRel(id, "_type::user", ""); err != nil {
 		return "", err
 	}
+	// Users have self-ownership by default.
+	if err := st.AddRel(id, string(models.RelHasOwnership), id); err != nil {
+		return "", err
+	}
 	return id, nil
 }
 
@@ -692,8 +826,8 @@ func (s *nodeServiceImpl) ensureNamespace(st store.Store, name string) (string,
 	if err := st.AddRel(id, string(models.RelCreated), userID); err != nil {
 		return "", err
 	}
-	// Grant the creator write access to the new namespace.
+	// Creator owns the namespace.
-	if err := st.AddRel(userID, string(models.RelHasWriteAccess), id); err != nil {
+	if err := st.AddRel(userID, string(models.RelHasOwnership), id); err != nil {
 		return "", err
 	}
 	return id, nil